The Jin Dynasty lasted from 1115 to 1234, was officially known as the Great Jin 大金 at that time, and it was one of the last dynasties in Chinese history to predate the Mongol invasion of China. Its name is sometimes written as Kin, Jurchen, Jin or Jinn in English to differentiate it from an earlier Jìn dynasty whose name sounds identical when transcribed without tone marker diacritics in the Hanyu Pinyin system for Standard Chinese. Some authors also call it the Jurchen Dynasty because its founding leader was of Jurchen descent and an ancestor of the Manchu. The Manchu themselves, thus, initially, in the early 17^th century, named their dynasty consequently also Jin before they renamed it Qing Dynasty 清朝. The Jin emerged from Taizu's rebellion against the Liao Dynasty 辽朝, which held sway over Northern China until the nascent Jin drove them to the Western Regions where they became known as the Western Liao 西辽朝. After vanquishing the Liao, the Jin launched a war against the Song Dynasty 宋朝 that lasted over a hundred years. In the course of their rule, the Jin quickly adapted to Chinese customs and even fortified the Great Wall against the rising Mongol Empire. Domestically, the Jin oversaw a number of cultural and technological advancements, such as the development of gunpowder and the revival of Confucianism. Finally, The Mongols invaded the Jin under Genghis Khan in 1211 and inflicted catastrophic defeats on them. Though the Jin seem to have suffered a wave of defeats, revolts, defections, and coups, they proved to have tenacity, only succumbing to the Mongol conquest in 1234.